5 days ago · Key Feature of PDF Reader Viewer: PDF Speaker App. A well optimized PDF reader app to open and read PDF files. Moreover, you can also share documents to others. PDF voice reader for Android - PDF to speech helps to read aloud books and other documents without internet connection. Even, you can change voice and control playback speed to listen text. Step 1: Choose the Right Software. First things first, to read aloud your PDF, you’ll need some text-to-speech ( TTS) software. Adobe Acrobat Reader is a popular …Read any PDF aloud with these top PDF audio readers, using text to speech technology. PDF audio reader. In the digital age, PDF files have become a ubiquitous format for sharing documents, reports, e …Dec 26, 2022 · How do you make the PDF Read Aloud skip reading Headers and Footers contents? ... Here's all ways to configure Edge PDF Reader Read Aloud Feature: https://www ... Answer: To audio read a PDF on your iPhone, you can use the built-in accessibility feature called VoiceOver. VoiceOver allows your iPhone to read aloud the content of your PDF and provide spoken feedback for various actions. Follow these steps to enable VoiceOver and audio read a PDF on your iPhone: 1. Open the Settings app on …Add PDF to Onedrive from desktop PC. Open iPhone Edge, hit "+" to open a new tab, and then enter "onedrive.com" (without quotes). It will bring you to your Onedrive files. Navigate to your PDF and open it. Click the three dots at bottom of the tab, and select Read Aloud.May 26, 2020 · To access Read aloud, open any PDF file in Microsoft Edge from your computer or from the web. In the toolbar along the top, you will see “Read aloud” as an option. Click/tap on this button to start. Microsoft Edge will start at the beginning and highlight each word as it goes along. You can control the reading speed and choose your favorite ... As described you want the read out loud option for iphone. "Text to speech" or Read out loud function is available in Acrobat Reader desktop version. However, this functionality is yet unavailable in Acrobat Reader mobile application. Acrobat Reader for Android and iOS does not provide an In-App Text-to-Speech feature ("Read Out Loud") …Aug 29, 2023 · Open the PDF in Microsoft Edge. Select Save in the toolbar at the top of the screen. Choose where you want to save the PDF and give it a name. Select Save and your PDF will be saved to the location you selected. Save time by using the built-in Microsoft Edge PDF reader. Using the Microsoft Edge PDF reader is a simple and easy way to view, edit ... Foxit PDF Reader can read aloud from regular PDFs and PDF forms, too. If you want the software to read form fields aloud, simply do this: Go to File > Preferences > Speech and check the Read form fields option. In the PDF form, press Tab to select the first form field that you want to read out loud, and then press it again to move to the next ... Arabic Text to speech, also known as TTS, read aloud, or even speech synthesis. It simply means using artificial intelligence to read words aloud be; it from a PDF, email, docs, or any website. There isn’t a voice artist recording phrases or words, or even the entire article. Read aloud for PDFs is now available for everyone on the latest Canary and Dev builds and will be coming to Beta in early June. Try it out. To access Read aloud, open any PDF file in Microsoft Edge from your computer or from the web. In the toolbar along the top, you will see “Read aloud” as an option. ... Immersive Reader, or a PDF and let ...Conveniently hear PDF files read aloud. There are lots of people who use Adobe PDF documents regularly. Regardless of whether you are using Microsoft Windows, Mac, Apple devices on iOS, or even Android, you probably need to regularly read PDF documents.Many people enjoy using Adobe Acrobat Reader for PDF files because they … Free. Text To Speech Reader. Instantly reads out loud text & PDF with natural sounding voices. Online - works out of the box. Drop the text and click play. Drag text or pdf files to the text-box, or directly type/paste in text. Select language and click Play. Remembers text and caret position between sessions. PDF Aloud Reader: Listen to Your PDF Files Aloud. PDF Aloud Reader is a free Android application developed by updo that allows you to listen to your PDF files aloud. With this app, you can easily browse and select PDF files, search for files by name, and have them read out loud to you. One of the standout features of PDF Aloud Reader is …About this app. Have your books, PDFs, documents, and more read aloud to you by 140+ AI-powered voices in over 25 different languages/dialects! NaturalReader is a mobile app that can read aloud a variety of texts like PDFs, online articles, cloud documents, even images taken by your camera and so many more. With over 1 million …Mar 30, 2024 · I downloaded this extension that also lets you upload a pdf Read Aloud: A Text to Speech Voice Reader - Microsoft Edge Addons. From the upload you can either use the extension or use the built-in edge read aloud feature because after uploading the file the pdf is in a website format and not a file format. SB. Jun 7, 2015 · 12. Okular. Install Okular. Okular is a universal document viewer with support for advanced document features, such as annotations, forms, and embedded files. This package provides the document viewer application, plus plugins for a wide variety of document formats such as: various electronic book formats: ComicBook, FictionBook, and Plucker ... Sep 19, 2023 · Read and Listen to Text to Speech Online. Listening to your Text files hands-free is simple with ReadLoudly. Here's how to get started: Select the text file, or write anything you want to listen to. Our website allows you to easily upload and select the text document you want to listen to. Once the text file is loaded, navigate to the page you ... Making PDFs Audible: How to Have a PDF Read Aloud. Open the desired pdf document in a pdf reader. Navigate to the ‘Read Out Loud’ or equivalent option. Select ‘Activate Read Out Loud’. Choose either ‘Read This Page Only’ or ‘Read to End of Document’. The content will be read out loud using a computer-generated voice.Librera - reads all books, PDF Reader. APK. Librera lets you enjoy a comfortable experience when reading e-books, use the night mode to prevent eye fatigue, adjust the font size, create bookmarks, and much more. The app supports almost any e-book format nowadays, including PDF, EPUB, EPUB3, FB2, MOBI, RTF, TXT, ODT, …To hear text aloud, select the text, right-click the selection and use the Read aloud option. Alternatively, you can choose the text and click the Read Aloud button in the toolbar, or use the Ctrl ...Launch Edge and highlight a section of text on a page where you want it to start reading. Then right-click and choose the Read aloud option from the menu. The computer voice will start reading the ...Hello! Thank you for reaching out and sorry for the delay in response. As you have mentioned above, the Read Out Loud is slow in rate of speed. Please check the rate of speech selected for the windows machine. In the Windows settings, go to Time & Language > Speech. Then check the "Voice Speed" and try changing it. Check if that …Hi! I want to record the voice of the read aloud feature. How do I do that? and Am I allowed to use the read aloud feature for doing the voiceover of a monetized YouTube channel? This thread is locked. You can vote as helpful, but you cannot reply or subscribe to this thread.Best PDF Readers for Microsoft Edge. Speechify PDF Reader. Cost: Free to try. Speechify’s PDF reader brings the transformative power of text-to-speech technology directly to the realm of PDF documents. This tool allows users to listen to their PDFs rather than read them, ensuring that dense, text-heavy documents are more accessible and ...May 26, 2020 · To access Read aloud, open any PDF file in Microsoft Edge from your computer or from the web. In the toolbar along the top, you will see “Read aloud” as an option. Click/tap on this button to start. Microsoft Edge will start at the beginning and highlight each word as it goes along. You can control the reading speed and choose your favorite ... Text to speech (TTS) is a technology that converts text into spoken audio. It can read aloud PDFs, websites, and books using natural AI voices. Text-to-speech (TTS) technology can be helpful for anyone who needs to access written content in an auditory format, and it can provide a more inclusive and accessible way of communication for many ...PDF Reader A PDF Reader that Reads Out Loud; Download MP3; AI Voice Over; Trending Voices. ... or even speech synthesis. It simply means using artificial intelligence to read words aloud be; it from a PDF, email, docs, or any website. There isn’t a voice artist recording phrases or words, or even the entire article. Speech generation is done ...Launch Edge and highlight a section of text on a page where you want it to start reading. Then right-click and choose the Read aloud option from the menu. The computer voice will start reading the ...Preview audio. Preview the audio, change voice tones and pronunciations before converting your text to speech. Click "Convert to Speech" and download your audio file. Our online AI voice generator will convert your text into high quality Indian Marathi speech in just a few seconds. Now you can download your audio file in MP3 or WAV formats.The free version of Adobe Acrobat Reader includes the option to read aloud individual pages or a whole PDF document. The function is a little hidden and must be activated before use.. To do so, click on “View” > “Read Out Loud” in the menu bar at the top and select the first option “Activate Read Out Loud”.Alternatively, you can use the … How to Have a PDF Read Aloud with Adobe Acrobat Reader. Step 1 Open a PDF in Adobe Reader and navigate to the appropriate page. Step 2 Under the View menu, you'll need to click Read Out Loud to activate it. Step 3 Click Read Out Loud again and choose a reading option to start the voice reading. Step 4 You can pause or stop the reading using the ... The search feature isn't the best to be had, but it works well as is. It can launch a PDF in full screen to make reading easier, and you can just click the screen to move down the PDF pages. This PDF program runs on Windows, Mac, iOS, and Android. Download Javelin PDF Reader. 09.To hear text aloud, select the text, right-click the selection and use the Read aloud option. Alternatively, you can choose the text and click the Read Aloud button in the toolbar, or use the Ctrl ...Arabic voice over online. Narakeet makes it easy to create videos and audio files with life-like audio from text. Get started with Arabic text to speech free. Select from one of our text-to-speech Arabic male and female voices below, and enter some text to create the audio. تقع القاهرة على جوانب جزر نهر النيل في ...Feb 16, 2023 · Foxit PDF Reader. Foxit Reader stands as a lightweight and robust alternative to Adobe, emphasizing quick performance and efficiency. It provides an array of tools for viewing, annotations, and filling out forms. Boasting a user-centric interface and robust security measures, it’s a favored option among businesses. Aug 30, 2023 · Here is a step-by-step tutorial to PDF read aloud through Foxit PDF Reader: Step 1. Download and launch the software on your system. After that, open the file to start processing. Step 2. In the end, click "View" from the top menu. Now, open the "Read" drop-down menu and select Read > Activate Read. You are all done! Inking on PDF files. Today you can use built-in inking tools when you open PDF files in the new Microsoft Edge. This allows you to take notes, fill out and sign PDF forms. Click on the Draw button from the toolbar to start writing; you can use a digital pen, touch or a mouse. You can use the Erase button to start erasing the strokes.PTE Read Aloud Practice Test 4. PTE Read Aloud Sample. 13. Read the text aloud as naturally and clearly as possible. In the distribution of wealth, America is more unequal than most European countries. The richest tenth of the population earns nearly six times more than the poorest tenth. In Germany and France, the ratio is just over three to …Foxit PDF Reader & Editor. Cost: Free with in-app purchases. Description: Foxit PDF Reader & Editor is a user-friendly PDF reader for iPad that offers essential features like annotation, form filling, and document scanning. Top 5 Features: Annotate PDFs with highlights, notes, and drawings. Fill out and sign PDF forms.For iPhone and iPad Users: Activate Speak Screen: Navigate to Settings > Accessibility > Spoken Content. Here, enable ‘Speak Screen.’. This feature allows your device to read aloud any text on the screen, including Kindle books. Using the Feature: Once enabled, swipe down with two fingers from the top of the screen to start the reading.Read aloud for PDFs is now available for everyone on the latest Canary and Dev builds and will be coming to Beta in early June. Try it out. To access Read aloud, open any PDF file in Microsoft Edge from your computer or from the web. In the toolbar along the top, you will see “Read aloud” as an option. ... Immersive Reader, or a PDF and let ...The app can read aloud any pdf document that you have. This app converts text to a natural sounding voice. The highest quality text to speech App available for the iPhone, iPod Touch, and now iPad! Use iTunes to share files between your computer and the app. VOICES SUPPORT.Jun 7, 2015 · 12. Okular. Install Okular. Okular is a universal document viewer with support for advanced document features, such as annotations, forms, and embedded files. This package provides the document viewer application, plus plugins for a wide variety of document formats such as: various electronic book formats: ComicBook, FictionBook, and Plucker ... The TTS Android reader will start narrating from the highlighted word. You can select chunks of text by dragging your finger across the screen to make a selection, as you would when using a word processor. Apple. Reading physical text aloud using an iPhone requires a working camera, iOS 15 and above, and enabling the built-in TTS … Convert text into ultra-realistic audio. Have any text read aloud with AI Voices. AI text reader for pdfs, books, documents, and webpages. Use Adobe’s free Acrobat Reader app to have the text in your PDF read aloud to you. Simply follow these steps to have Acrobat Reader read PDF aloud: Open Reader and navigate to the document page you want to …Below is a screenshot: If that doesn't work, try disabling protected Mode by going into Edit menu > preferences > under categories, click security (enhanced) > uncheck the box next to "Enable Protected Mode at startup" …Jan 12, 2024 · Read aloud. Read aloud for PDF adds the convenience of listening to PDF content while carrying out other tasks that may be important to users. It also helps auditory learners focus on the content, which makes learning much easier. The next screenshot shows a Read aloud example. The highlighting shows the text that is currently being read ... To Add comments on your PDF: From the bottom toolbar, tap and then tap on the document where you want to add a comment. Alternatively, tap on a blank space, and then from the menu that appears, tap Comment. In the comment field that appears, type your message and then tap to post the comment. The comment is posted on the …4. eReader Prestigio: Book Reader. An alternative that’s available only on Android devices, eReader Prestigio: Book Reader is one of the best PDF audio readers you can find on your smartphone. The app is compatible with a huge myriad of text file extensions other than PDF itself. It is able to read and narrate files in over 20 different ...4. The Best Free PDF Audio Reader for iPhone/iPad - PDF Voice Reader Aloud. PDF Voice Reader Aloud application for iPhones and iPads is the perfect choice if you want to get an audio-book experience from your PDF documents on the go. This application comes with support for lots of documents, while the default language is English-US.Have your books, PDFs, documents, and more read aloud to you by 140+ AI-powered voices in over 25 different languages/dialects! NaturalReader is a mobile app that can read aloud a...Open the PDF file in the default PDF reader in Windows, such as Microsoft Edge or Adobe Reader. Right-click on the PDF and select “Read Aloud” or “Listen” from the context menu. The Narrator tool will start reading the PDF file aloud. In addition to using the Narrator tool, you can use a third-party software, like Speechify ...Click “Listen” in the top right hand corner. Press “Save.”. Customize voice preferences, reading speed, and other settings. Tap the “Play” button to begin listening to the new audio version of your research paper. Customize the settings to suit your preferences, such as reading speed and voice selection.DSpeech. DSpeech is a free, portable TTS program that can read written text files in different formats aloud (such as TXT, RTF, DOC, DOCX, and HTML files) and also has Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) functionality. The ASR allows you to use DSpeech to convert your own voice to text. DSpeech allows you to save the output as a …PDF Reader A PDF Reader that Reads Out Loud; Download MP3; AI Voice Over; Trending Voices. ... or even speech synthesis. It simply means using artificial intelligence to read words aloud be; it from a PDF, email, docs, or any website. There isn’t a voice artist recording phrases or words, or even the entire article. Speech generation is done ...VoiceOver. If you’re using VoiceOver, simply open the PDF and navigate to “Options,” then “Read Aloud.”. Once this is done, your Mac will begin reading the text in the document aloud. Additionally, you can customize your settings to read just certain sections of the document or have it pause after certain time intervals.The free version of Adobe Acrobat Reader includes the option to read aloud individual pages or a whole PDF document. The function is a little hidden and must be activated before use.. To do so, click on “View” > “Read Out Loud” in the menu bar at the top and select the first option “Activate Read Out Loud”.Alternatively, you can use the …May 14, 2021 · Hello! Thank you for reaching out and sorry for the delay in response. As you have mentioned above, the Read Out Loud is slow in rate of speed. Please check the rate of speech selected for the windows machine. In the Windows settings, go to Time & Language > Speech. Then check the "Voice Speed" and try changing it. Check if that helps. Foxit PDF Reader. Foxit Reader stands as a lightweight and robust alternative to Adobe, emphasizing quick performance and efficiency. It provides an array of tools for viewing, annotations, and filling out forms. Boasting a user-centric interface and robust security measures, it’s a favored option among businesses.PDF Reader A PDF Reader that Reads Out Loud; Download MP3; AI Voice Over; Trending Voices. ... or even speech synthesis. It simply means using artificial intelligence to read words aloud be; it from a PDF, email, docs, or any website. There isn’t a voice artist recording phrases or words, or even the entire article. Speech generation is done ...Read aloud any text with realistic AI voices, compatible with webpages, kindle Ebooks, Google Docs, PDF, Emails, and more. NaturalReader - Text To Speech, is a chrome …Read Aloud Browser Extensions. Read aloud the content of any web page with one click. Chrome Firefox Edge Embed A TTS Widget Into Your Website sitenarrator.com Voice Narration Tool. Convert text to speech and create voice narrations. ttstool.com Support. To send a support request, please use the contact form.About this app. Have your books, PDFs, documents, and more read aloud to you by 140+ AI-powered voices in over 25 different languages/dialects! NaturalReader is a mobile app that can read aloud a variety of texts like PDFs, online articles, cloud documents, even images taken by your camera and so many more. With over 1 million …mocked Meinecke, while he read passages from the Bible. Meinecke did not engage with them.” Another individual poured water on Meinecke’s Bible. Meinecke kept …Open your pdf in Chrome Or Use online pdf viewer like sodapdf.com to read the pdf document online on Chrome. Now I can select the text I want to read out loud in the pdf. OnRight Clicking I get the option of read-aloud the selected text as I have installed the extension in chrome. Worked well for me. 4. The Best Free PDF Audio Reader for iPhone/iPad - PDF Voice Reader Aloud. PDF Voice Reader Aloud application for iPhones and iPads is the perfect choice if you want to get an audio-book experience from your PDF documents on the go. This application comes with support for lots of documents, while the default language is English-US. Search the website then click the bin icon to remove and check if the issue is fixed. If that didn't help, you may report this by pressing Alt+Shift+I and submit the logs and recording of what's happening. It'll help the Edge team to diagnose the problem and create a fix for it. LF. Lisa Fro.Preview audio. Preview the audio, change voice tones and pronunciations before converting your text to speech. Click "Convert to Speech" and download your audio file. Our online AI voice generator will convert your text into high quality Indian Marathi speech in just a few seconds. Now you can download your audio file in MP3 or WAV formats.May 26, 2020 · To access Read aloud, open any PDF file in Microsoft Edge from your computer or from the web. In the toolbar along the top, you will see “Read aloud” as an option. Click/tap on this button to start. Microsoft Edge will start at the beginning and highlight each word as it goes along. You can control the reading speed and choose your favorite ... VoiceOver. If you’re using VoiceOver, simply open the PDF and navigate to “Options,” then “Read Aloud.”. Once this is done, your Mac will begin reading the text in the document aloud. Additionally, you can customize your settings to read just certain sections of the document or have it pause after certain time intervals.May 26, 2020 · To access Read aloud, open any PDF file in Microsoft Edge from your computer or from the web. In the toolbar along the top, you will see “Read aloud” as an option. Click/tap on this button to start. Microsoft Edge will start at the beginning and highlight each word as it goes along. You can control the reading speed and choose your favorite ... Read aloud is currently available in Immersive Reader and for webpages—today, we are excited to announce that we are extending support to PDF …1. Microsoft Edge. The easiest way to convert PDF to voice is via the in-built Microsoft Edge browser. All you have to do is right-click on the PDF file and select … 4. The Best Free PDF Audio Reader for iPhone/iPad - PDF Voice Reader Aloud. PDF Voice Reader Aloud application for iPhones and iPads is the perfect choice if you want to get an audio-book experience from your PDF documents on the go. This application comes with support for lots of documents, while the default language is English-US. Free. Get. ReadAloud is a very powerful text-to-speech app which can read aloud web pages, news, documents, e-books or your own custom contents. ReadAloud can help with your busy life by reading aloud your articles while you continue with your other tasks. This app can be of great help to students with their reading assignments and also improve ... Read aloud any text with realistic AI voices, compatible with webpages, kindle Ebooks, Google Docs, PDF, Emails, and more. NaturalReader - Text To Speech, is a chrome extension that converts text online into natural sounding audio. Simply press play and have your Emails, Websites, PDFs, Google Docs and Kindle Books read aloud to you! Step 1: In Microsoft Edge, navigate to the webpage you want to have read aloud and click the Read Aloud icon at the top. Step 2: Click on Voice options in the top right corner. Step 3: Use the ...Step 1: Choose the Right Software. First things first, to read aloud your PDF, you’ll need some text-to-speech ( TTS) software. Adobe Acrobat Reader is a popular …Read aloud offers a variety of voices and accents to provide you with a variety of reading experiences. Start Read aloud, then select Voice options to choose a voice. Voice packages are available as well to your Windows devices to add more voice options to Read aloud. Go to Settings > Time & Language > Speech to learn more about voice packages.Reading order and document structure tags (Acrobat Pro): To read a document’s text and present it in a way that makes sense to the user, a screen reader or other text-to-speech tool requires a structured document. Document structure tags in a PDF define the reading order and identify headings, paragraphs, sections, tables, and other …Yes, you can easily summarize PDF files using ChatGPT-4.0's Data Analysis feature by simply uploading them. Please note, though, that inaccessible, image-based, or paywalled PDFs might not be eligible for summarization. If you're using ChatGPT 3.5, it doesn't support direct PDF uploads, but you can still summarize PDFs by copying and pasting ...Once you have selected the PDF file, drag and drop or upload it from your PC to start. Next, select the format you wish to convert by clicking Convert To, which reveals the dropdown menu. Scroll down to Audio Formats and click mp3. When you’re ready, click Convert Now to start the conversion.
Apr 8, 2024 · Read Aloud is a Firefox extension that uses text-to-speech technology to convert webpage text to audio. It works on a variety of websites, including news sites, blogs, fan fiction, publications, textbooks, school and class websites, online universities and course materials. Read Aloud is aimed at users who prefer to listen to content instead of ... . Printing to google cloud printer
Free. Get. ReadAloud is a very powerful text-to-speech app which can read aloud web pages, news, documents, e-books or your own custom contents. ReadAloud can help with your busy life by reading aloud your articles while you continue with your other tasks. This app can be of great help to students with their reading assignments and also improve ...Once you enter Reader Mode, start using tools like Read Aloud, Text preferences, Grammar tools and Reading preferences. To enter Reader Mode, use Microsoft Edge to visit a website you want to read. Select Enter Immersive Reader in the address bar or use the keyboard shortcut F9 . To exit Immersive reader, select Exit Immersive Reader in …I downloaded this extension that also lets you upload a pdf Read Aloud: A Text to Speech Voice Reader - Microsoft Edge Addons. From the upload you can either use the extension or use the built-in edge read aloud feature because after uploading the file the pdf is in a website format and not a file format. SB.PTE Read Aloud Practice Test 4. PTE Read Aloud Sample. 13. Read the text aloud as naturally and clearly as possible. In the distribution of wealth, America is more unequal than most European countries. The richest tenth of the population earns nearly six times more than the poorest tenth. In Germany and France, the ratio is just over three to …Below is a screenshot: If that doesn't work, try disabling protected Mode by going into Edit menu > preferences > under categories, click security (enhanced) > uncheck the box next to "Enable Protected Mode at startup" …Arabic voice over online. Narakeet makes it easy to create videos and audio files with life-like audio from text. Get started with Arabic text to speech free. Select from one of our text-to-speech Arabic male and female voices below, and enter some text to create the audio. تقع القاهرة على جوانب جزر نهر النيل في ...Aside from the fact that it shows images in gray-scale, Adobe Acrobat Reader in dark mode looks phenomenal. Download Adobe Acrobat Reader (Android) 2. Xodo. Xodo is a completely free PDF reader ...The free version of Adobe Acrobat Reader includes the option to read aloud individual pages or a whole PDF document. The function is a little hidden and must be activated before use.. To do so, click on “View” > “Read Out Loud” in the menu bar at the top and select the first option “Activate Read Out Loud”.Alternatively, you can use the …Read Aloud is a Firefox extension that uses text-to-speech technology to convert webpage text to audio. It works on a variety of websites, including news sites, blogs, fan fiction, publications, textbooks, school and class websites, online universities and course materials. Read Aloud is aimed at users who prefer to listen to content instead of ...Mac and Windows users may use the software to read PDFs aloud according to the below guide. Step 1: Drag and drop a PDF document into the program; Step 2: Click the View menu on the top, choose Read Out Loud and select Activate Read Out Loud. Then the free PDF voice reader gets to work.Free would be great but I would also consider paying especially with like a subscription. Foxit PDF reader lets you annotate and it reads the text on the page to you if you want but it always starts from the beginning of the page, and doesn't let you have it read only specific parts of a page on demand. It's perfect except for this one problem.Adobe Acrobat Reader software is the free, trusted global standard for viewing, printing, signing, sharing, and annotating PDFs. It's the only PDF viewer that can open and interact with all types of PDF content – including forms and multimedia. And now, it’s connected to Adobe Document Cloud services – so you can work with PDFs on any ....